Effectiveness of Planned Health Teaching Programme on Knowledge regarding Rabies and it’s Management among 10-15 years students of Bhandu Rural Area, Mehsana District, Gujarat.

 

Jeenath Justin Doss. K

Assistant Professor, HOD Medical Surgical Nursing Department,

Joitiba College of Nursing, LCIT Campus, Visnagar Ta., Bhandu Po., Mehsana Dist., North gujarat-384120

 

ABSTRACT:

Rabies is a severe viral infection of the central nervous system communicated to human from the saliva of infected animals and commonly transmitted by a bite or by contact of the animal saliva with a mucous membrane or open wound. The level of knowledge regarding rabies and its management is essential for the prevention of complication regarding rabies. The objective of this study is to assess the level of knowledge regarding rabies and its management.

The research design adopted was quasi experimental one group pre-test post-test design. The conceptual framework for this study was based on Sister Callista Roys Adaptation model9 (1986). The study had been conducted in rural area of Bhandu Village in Mehsana District, Gujarat. Non-probability convenient sampling technique had been adopted to select the desired sample. The sample size was 60.

The collected data were analyzed by using both descriptive and inferential statistical methods. At pretest 12(20%) were reported moderately adequate knowledge and 48(80%) were reported inadequate knowledge and after STP 11(18.33%) were reported adequate knowledge, 44(73.34%)were reported moderately adequate knowledge and only 5(8.33%) were reported inadequate knowledge. The obtained t-test value 46.6735 (mean difference score 7.35) was highly significant at 0.001 level (p=3.4632 value). Chi-square test was used to check the association and found significant association with the following demographic variables like Education, Religion, Type of family, Education of Father, Mother and Mother’s Occupation.

 

 

 

INTRODUCTION:

Rabies, also known as ‘hydrophobia’ is an acute viral disease of the central nervous system, caused by Lyssavirus type 1. Classical hydrophobia is clinically characterized by a long, variable incubation period, and a short period of illness due to encephalomyelitis, ending in death. It is the only communicable disease of man that is always fatal. Rabies continues to exist in many countries in spite of vigorous campaigns for eliminating the disease. In developing countries over 90% of human deaths from rabies are due to dog bite⁵.

 

With the socio economic development and an improved usage of rabies vaccine the human rabies incidence was expected to be on the decline but there was no data available to prove this point. Only a few studies conducted in different parts of India were available and their result could not be generalized or extrapolated.^{2, 7}

 

Rabies is often as a disease from the past but is in fact still an increasing problem in many countries. The virus is spread almost completely worldwide. Rabies in dog is still a serious issue in some area. World Rabies Day would be celebrated on 28^th September. 40% of human bitten by suspected rabies infected animals are of the age 15 years or younger and as rabies is a disease that mostly affects people living under poor conditions in remote rural areas there is a big problem with underreporting.⁶

NEED FOR STUDY:

More than 15 million people worldwide post-exposure vaccination to prevent disease. Rabies occurs in more countries and territories. 40% of people who are bitten by rabid animals are children under 15 year old³. In Asia and Africa, dogs are the main source (90%) of infection. In Africa 20,000 rabies deaths are estimated to occur annually. Statistics on rabies indicate that 7,437 cases of the disease were reported among animals in the United States during 2001. Nearly 40 percent of these cases were found in raccoons - more than any other animal. In the U.S., there was only one case of rabies reported in humans during 2001. Other statistics on rabies indicate that domestic animals accounted for 6.8 percent of all rabid animals in 2001.⁸

 

According to WHO; 50,000 to 60,000 people die every year due to rabies with three quarters of deaths occurring in rural areas, particularly of age. Rabies ranks 12^th on WHO’s list of major mortality causing diseases.¹

 

From 1985, India reported every year about 25,000 to 30,000 human rabies deaths, which accounted to about 60% of the global report of 50,000. India ranks #1in deaths due to rabies. Dog bites being a single major cause. In India, the figure is about 20,000. No other place in the world has so many rabies deaths “says Dr. Sivasankaran, Cardiologist, Sree Chinta Trivandrum India.”¹

 

Gujarat Government had decided to provide anti rabies vaccine free- of- cost to patients belonging to Above Poverty Line (APL). It will entail an additional expenditure of Rs.8.75 crore annually. The decision was taken at the state cabinet meeting with Chief Minister Narendra Modi in 18-01-2012.

 

OBJECTIVES:

     To assess the pre-test knowledge of10-15 years adolescents students regarding Rabies and its management.

     To assess the effectiveness of planned health programme regarding Rabies and its management.

     To find out the association between the level of knowledge with their selected Demographic Variables.

 

Hypothesis:

     H1: There will be the significant increased post-test knowledge than the pre-test knowledge regarding Rabies and its management among the 10-15 years adolescents students.

     H2: There will be the significant Association between the pre-test level of knowledge scores and their selected demographic variables.

 

MATERIAL ANDMETHODS:

Research Approach

Quantitative Approach

Research Design

Quasi-experimental one group pre-test post-test design

Target Population

10-15 years Students

 

Accessible Population

10-15 years students of Bhandu rural area, Mehsana, Gujarat

Sampling Technique

Non-probability convenient Sampling Technique

Data Collection Procedure

Structured Teaching Programme

Data Analysis

Descriptive Statistics and Inferential statistics

Criterion Measure

Level of Knowledge

 

Major Findings

·        The demographic variables showed that majority of the samples were age 10 years 21(35%), Males36(60%), 5th standard25(41.66%),Hindus 60(60%), joint family 42(70%),Illiterate fathers 23(38.34%) and Mothers 26(42.34%) and no source of information 43(71.66%).

·        During pretest 12(20%) were reported moderately adequate knowledge and 48(80%) were reported inadequate knowledge and after STP11 (18.33%) were reported adequate knowledge, 44(73.34%)were reported moderately adequate knowledge and only 5(8.33%)were reported inadequate knowledge.

·        The obtained t-test value 46.6735*** (pretest mean=9.466; posttest mean=16.8166; mean difference score 7.35) was highly significant at 0.001 level (p=3.4632 value).

·        Education, Religion, Type of family, Education of Father, Mother and Mother’s Occupation were having significant association with the level of Knowledge.

 

CONCLUSION:

The main conclusion drawn from this study was that the most of the Students had inadequate knowledge during pretest. After giving effective structured teaching programme majority of the students’ knowledge had improved. This understood that proper structured teaching programme regarding rabies and its management was effective to improve the level of knowledge among the students.

 

REFERANCE:

1.       Nightingale nursing times (A window for health in Action) volume 9. Number 4 July 2013 page no: 37,38,39

2.       K Park. Park's Textbook of prevention and Social Medicine: Rabies. 19^th edition. Jabalpur, India: M/s BanarsidasBhanot publishers; 2007.

3.       Unlocking the potential of school nursing: keeping children healthy, in school, and ready to learn. [2010]. Robert Wood Johnson Foundation: Retrieved from http://www.rwjf.org/files/research/ cnf14.pdf.

4.       Wolfe, L.C. The profession of school nursing. In J. Selekman, School Nursing: A Comprehensive, Text.Philadelphia:2010; Available, from:http://www.nasn.org/Default.aspx?tabid=279

5.       American Nurses Association: National Council of State Boards of Nursing. [2006]. Joint, statement.on, delegation; Available, fromhttps://www.ncsbn.org/Joint_statement.pdf

6.       National Association of School Nurses: Definition of school nursing; [2010]. Available from: http://www.nasn.org/Default.aspx?tabid=57

7.       WHO. Rabies. information, 2001. September, Available, from: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs099/en/

8.       RishaChitlangia. 500 dog bite cases every day in Delhi. The Times of India. 2011 Mar 25. Available from: http://articles.timesofindia. indiatimes.com/2011-03-25/delhi/29188003_1_dog-population-aggressive-dogs-stray-dogs

9.       Julia. B. George: “Nursing theories, the base for professional nursing  practice” 6^th edition; Person; New Delhi, 2011.

 

 

Received on 09.10.2014           Modified on 27.10.2014

Accepted on 05.11.2014           © A&V Publication all right reserved